ICO investors

Protecting investors

On December 15, 2010, after 11 months of legal standoff, the Swiss corporation Novartis finally closed a deal to acquire the remaining shares of eye-care company Alcon from minority shareholders. Why did it take almost a year? The acquisition had become a relatedparty transaction after Novartis purchased a 25% stake from then majority shareholder Nestlé and nominated some of its own directors t...

Investors and Management Practice:

Schizophrenic Representative Investors

Representative investors whose behavior is modeled by a deterministic finite automaton generate complexity both in the time series of each asset and in the cross-sectional correlation when the rule governing their behavior is schizophrenic, meaning the investor holds multiple seemingly contradictory beliefs simultaneously, either by switching between two different rules at each time step, or co...

IcoRating: A Deep-Learning System for Scam ICO Identification

Cryptocurrencies (or digital tokens, digital currencies, e.g., BTC, ETH, XRP, NEO) have been rapidly gaining ground in use, value, and understanding among the public, bringing astonishing profits to investors. Unlike other money and banking systems, most digital tokens do not require central authorities. Being decentralized poses significant challenges for credit rating. Most ICOs are currently...

Development of a BFO-Based Informed Consent Ontology (ICO)

An Informed Consent Ontology (ICO) was developed to support informed consent data integration and reasoning. ICO is aligned with the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO), and logically represent the terms and their relations related to informed consent processes and contents. ICO contains 471 terms including 137 ICO-specific terms and the other terms imported from existing reliable ontologies. The ontol...