Hydrogen steelmaking, part 2: competition with other net-zero steelmaking solutions – geopolitical issues
نویسندگان
چکیده
Hydrogen direct reduction is one of the technological process solutions for making steel, explored in framework reducing GHG emissions from steel sector (Net-Zero steel). However, there are many other solutions, which have been since 1980s or earlier. The present paper starts by comparing all these different options terms 3 criteria: energy needs, and total production cost steel. extensive simulations carried out as part ULCOS Program, still fully valid, indeed show that, while always rather close to efficient integrated mill benchmark (within 15–20%), a series significantly cutting emissions, some even leading negative emissions. Two families can usefully be compared with each other, they both based on use electricity: hydrogen reduction, green generated electricity, electrolysis iron ore, such ΣIDERWIN process, also zero-carbon electricity. They quite regards above criteria, slight advantage electrolysis. Focusing now steelmaking, developed over last 70 years: H-Iron was first 1957 at laboratory level, then it followed an industrial plant late 1980s, did not deliver (CIRCORED); sub-project within (2000s) followed, projects Germany Austria (SALCOS, SUSTEEL, MATOR, smelting 2010s) then, very recently, occurred explosion announcements ventures, generating producing DRI, located Europe, Russia China. Broader questions tackled: how much will called upon, today future regarding particular H 2 -e-mobility; carbon footprint costs; maturity various processes; geopolitical issues, possible locations -generation -steel production.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Matériaux et techniques
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['0032-6895', '1778-3771']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2021023