Hydrochemical and quality assessment of irrigation water at the trans-himalayan high-altitude regions of Leh, Ladakh, India

Abstract A total of seventy irrigation water samples were collected from Leh, Ladakh, India, to determine their hydrochemistry profile and quality for purposes. Water indices such as hardness (TH), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), potential salinity (PS), permeability index (PI), Kelly's ratio (KR), absorption (SAR), corrosivity (CR), chloroalkaline (CAI) measured. The Piper diagram, Durov's United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) diagram drawn the types, ion exchange processes, rock–soil–water interaction. findings indicated that hydrochemical characteristics are naturally alkaline. Furthermore, parameters revealed study area’s surface is suitable purposes, despite relatively high TH MH levels. level CR should not be transported using metal pipes. CAI plot direct ionic processes controlling chemistry. Additionally, this mainly dominated by Ca 2+ –Cl − –SO 4 2− , Na + –K –CaCO 3 HCO type, which indicates silicate rock weathering along with some anthropogenic input. USSL a medium low hazard. Hence, it concluded cycle natural source all cations anions, these ions pass directly vis- à -vis, input activity.