Hydraulic Jump: A Brief History and Research Challenges

A Brief History of Pfizer Central Research*

Two cousins, Charles Erhart, a confectioner, and Charles Pfizer, a chemist, were both in their mid-twenties when they came to the United States from Germany in 1849. They were the first of the innovative entrepreneurs that later came to be the standard for employees of Pfizer Inc. With $2,500 of their own money and a $1,000 mortgage, they set up shop in a two-story brick building on Bartlett St...

A Brief History of hte MIS Research Community: Accomplishments, Disappointments and Future Challenges

Characteristics of Hydraulic Jump

The effect of an abruptly expanding channel on the main characteristics of hydraulic jump is considered experimentally. The present study was made for supercritical flow of Froude number varying between 2 to 9 and approach to expanded channel width ratios 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.8. Physical explanations of the variation of these characteristics under varying flow conditions are discussed based on t...

A Brief History of Enviroethics and Its Challenges

Environmental ethics has emerged during the early 1970s, when environmentalists started urging philosophers to consider the philosophical aspects of environmental problems. Environmental ethics considers the ethical relationships between humanity and non-human world. The Union of Concerned Scientists, a group of over two thousands scientists, has concluded that climatic change is beyond dispute...

The hydraulic jump as a white hole

In the geometry of the circular hydraulic jump, the velocity of the liquid in the interior region exceeds the speed of capillary-gravity waves (ripplons), whose spectrum is 'relativistic' in the shallow water limit. The velocity flow is radial and outward, and thus the relativistic ripplons cannot propagate into the interior region. In terms of the effective 2+1 dimensional Painlevé-Gullstrand ...