منابع مشابه
Biofuels and Their Production Through Different Catalytic Routes
This paper presents a review of the literature available on biofuels production through different chemical catalytic routes. Biofuels are promising alternative to the fast-depleting fossil fuel and oil reserves. In consideration of the existing environmental issues, such as greenhouse effect and global warming, researchers are now interested in biofuels production from biomass. Biofuels are pro...
متن کاملFrom first generation biofuels to advanced solar biofuels
Roadmaps towards sustainable bioeconomy, including the production of biofuels, in many EU countries mostly rely on biomass use. However, although biomass is renewable, the efficiency of biomass production is too low to be able to fully replace the fossil fuels. The use of land for fuel production also introduces ethical problems in increasing the food price. Harvesting solar energy by the photo...
متن کاملWelcome to Biotechnology for Biofuels
Address: 1Department of Applied Microbiology, LTH/Lund University, PO Box 124, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden, 2Chemical and Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401-3393, USA, 3Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California Berkeley, 130 Calvin Laboratory, MC 5230, Berkeley CA 94720-5230, USA and 4Center for Environmental Research and Technolog...
متن کاملBiofuels
The global energy market provides humans with about 370 exajoules of energy per year, which is equivalent to about 170 million barrels of oil per day (Box 1) or about 11.73 terrawatts (TW) per hour [1]. Approximately 95% of this energy comes from fossil fuels. Additionally, the International Energy Agency suggests that direct combustion of plant biomass provides about one-third of the energy ne...
متن کاملHybrid Rough Genetic algorithm for Selecting Optimal Routes
Routing protocols in most networks use the length of paths or the minimum-hops that can be achieved, as the routing metric. This led to the motivation to propose a new algorithm that satisfies multiple constraints for finding a feasible path and apply GA to reduce the time taken to find a feasible path. To achieve this, The Rough sets Theory (RST) is applied to reduce the Performance metrics su...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 2007
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/447914a