Human Rights: From an Alternative Viewpoint

"Human Rights"؛ "Citizen Rights"؛ "Human Rights Declaration"؛ " Middle Eastern States"

حقوق بشر و حقوق شهروندی از حقوق ذاتی و طبیعی انسان نشأت گرفته و در طول تاریخ بین اندیشمندان مناطق مختلف جهان و همچنین در مکاتب الهی توجه خاصی به آنها شده است. اما متاسفانه تا پایان جنگ جهانی دوم حقوق بشر بصورت گسترده اقبالی کسب ننمود. اگر چه با اعلامیه جهانی حقوق بشر سال 1948 و دیگر کنوانسیون های مربوطه، حقوق بشر شکل جهان شمولی بخود گرفته ولی هنوز بسیاری از دولتهای خاورمیانه حاضر به پذیرش تمامی...

Cervical Cancer Screening–An Alternative Viewpoint

In 1968 Wilson and Jungner outlined the criteria which need to be satisfied before the implementation of any mass screening programme1. It is questionable whether cervical screening passes this set of tests2. Nevertheless the pressure from the media to "Take the Screen Test3" is enormous and cervical screening is an integral part of the Government's vision of medical practice4. This article ask...

Human Rights and the Tobacco Industry: An Unsuitable Alliance

Coronavirus Pandemic; From Human Rights Considerations to Citizenship Requirements

Coronavirus pandemic as a global health challenge, has had many political, economic, legal, social and cultural consequences in the realm of national societies and internationally. The most important concerns in the legal field are the human rights situation in the international system and civil rights in the field of national systems. These concerns are mainly related to the restriction of the...

An Alternative Viewpoint on the (Cross–)Layering in Wireless Networks

The capacity of a communication network depends on the mode in which the network is operated. The operational mode is determined by the network protocols, which are in turn built within a layered architecture. In the recent years there has been an abundance of efforts to optimize the protocols in the wireless networks through a cross–layer design, which is an approach that goes beyond the appli...