Human dimensions of grizzly bear conservation: The social factors underlying satisfaction and coexistence beliefs in Montana, <scp>USA</scp>

Coexistence between large carnivores and humans is a global conservation concern. Montana (USA) home to recovering grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) populations increasing human–grizzly interactions. In 2019, we administered survey of Montanans investigate factors influencing normative beliefs about population sizes quantify the relationship these satisfaction with management in state. Using linear regression (r2 = .61), found that residents positive attitudes emotional dispositions toward grizzlies or who trusted agency were more likely believe too low. Residents believed hunting should be used manage conflict, themselves hunters, had vicarious wildlife experience property damage, expanding, older high. We negative quadratic size management, suggesting an optimal “Goldilocks” zone where coexistence most possible. practice, if observed Goldilocks zones are incompatible numbers required meet goals, considering may help bolster acceptance larger sizes.