How to interpret EPO search reports

How to interpret figures in reports of clinical trials.

How to Interpret Epidemiological Associations

Cardiovascular disease is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. Hypertensive disease, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, diet, and physical inactivity have been identified as risk factors, but they do not entirely explain the worldwide variability of cardiovascular disease (1,2). It has long been suspected that cardiovascular disease mortality may...

How to interpret visual fields.

To cite: Wong SH, Plant GT. Pract Neurol 2015;15: 374–38

How to Interpret Research Statistics

All of these issues relate to the applicability of the research to your learning situation, that is, to the confi dence you can put in the results based on the validity of the study. Throughout this book, we report the results of statistical tests of the research we summarize. Therefore, in this section we briefl y summarize how to interpret those statistical tests. Suppose you read a study com...

How to Interpret Hydrogen Breath Tests

Hydrogen breath tests using various substrates like glucose, lactulose, lactose and fructose are being used more and more to diagnose small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and lactose or fructose malabsorption. Though quantitative culture of jejunal aspirate is considered as gold standard for the diagnosis of SIBO, hydrogen breath tests, in spite of their low sensitivity, are popular for...