How a skilful and motivated urinary sediment examination can save the kidneys

Urinary Sediment Examination

A urinary sediment examination is an important type of non-invasive, repeatable morphological examination. It is necessary to accurately classify and measure urine components, such as epithelial cells, non-epithelial cells (blood cells), casts, salts/crystals, and microorganisms. The clinical significance of a urinary sediment examination is twofold. First, this examination is used to screen fo...

The urinary sediment beyond light microscopical examination.

In the present issue of NDT, Chan et al. [1] report that the messenger (m) RNA expression of T-bet (a central Th1 transcription factor), interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-b and MCP-1 in the urinary sediment of patients with active lupus nephritis decrease with successful immunosuppressive therapy. Importantly, various other cytokine mRNAs, including those of IL-2, -4, -12 an...

How Tourism Can Save Nature

This paper sets up a two-sector, two-period trade model of a developing country which is abundant in a non-renewable natural resource but scarce in industrial goods. It shows that lower future travel costs, rising demand for tourism and higher preferences for the environment slow down today’s optimal depletion of the natural resource that can be used for consumption or for exporting tourism ser...

How prediction markets can save event studies

This review paper articulates the relationship between prediction market data and event studies, with a special focus on applications in political economy. Event studies have been used to address a variety of political economy questions from the economic effects of party control of government to the importance of complex rules in congressional committees. However, the results of event studies a...

How can we save forest biodiversity?