Hittite -pat and imma as focus particles: Lexicalization

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Hittite andurza “inside, indoors” and the Indo-Hittite Hypothesis

Hittite attests an adverbial form andurza, with the basic meaning " inside; indoors ". It is often found opposed in ritual texts to askáz (ablative of aska-'gate') " out of the gate, outdoors " (see Puhvel [1984: s.v.] for citations); it also occurs in treaties with reference to rebellions in the meaning " in the interior, internally " , and is therein opposed to aravza (an old ablative of arva...

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In this paper we present a fully lexicalized grammar formalism as a particularly attractive framework for the specification of natural language grammars. We discuss in detail Feature-based, Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammars (FB-LTAGs), a representative of the class of lexicalized grammars. We illustrate the advantages of lexicalized grammars in various contexts of natural language processing,...

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Across languages, clauses containing descriptions of similar events are likely to include the same conceptual components, but these may be distributed differently across the constituents of the clause. Compare, for instance, the English description of a directed motion event in (1a) to its most natural French translation (1b). Both these sentences contain linguistic units expressing the concept...

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Words expressing spatial relationships in Hittite are synchronically adverbs, not case forms of nouns as sometimes alleged. They are attested in three distinct syntactic roles: postpositions, preverbs, and freestanding adverbs. Some of these local adverbs are inherited from Proto-Indo-European, while others reflect petrified case forms of nouns. Postpositions from inherited local adverbs origin...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Indo-European linguistics and classical philology

سال: 2018

ISSN: 2306-9015

DOI: 10.30842/ielcp230690152290