Historical Roots of Modern Tornado Forecasts and Warnings

Severe thunderstorm and tornado warnings in Europe

Article history: Received 7 December 2007 Received in revised form 29 August 2008 Accepted 20 September 2008 This study summarizes the current severe thunderstorm warning and forecast operations in different European National Hydro-Meteorological Services (NHMSs), and, in doing so, suggests ways for countries developing their own warning service to learn from experiences in other countries, as ...

Tornado Warnings and Tornado Fatalities : The Case of May 22 , 2011 Tornado in Joplin , Missouri

Conditional Tornado Probabilities from Ruc-2 Forecasts

Accurately predicting the timing and location of tornadoes with lead times of more than a few tens of minutes will continue to be difficult, despite recent advances in numerical weather prediction. Tornadoes and the associated thunderstorms are smallscale phenomena, and the theory of chaos strongly suggests that such events will have a very short period of predictability (Lorenz 1969; Islam et ...

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ESSAY The Scientific Roots of Modern Plant Biotechnology

One of the stellar achievements of twentieth century plant biology was the genetic transformation of somatic cells enabling the regeneration of whole plants that were stably transformed and capable of transmitting the inserted genetic material to subsequent generations. This achievement grew out of three independent lines of research initiated early in the twentieth century: plant tissue cultur...

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ESSAY The Scientific Roots of Modern Plant Biotechnology

One of the stellar achievements of twentieth century plant biology was the genetic transformation of somatic cells enabling the regeneration of whole plants that were stably transformed and capable of transmitting the inserted genetic material to subsequent generations. This achievement grew out of three independent lines of research initiated early in the twentieth century: plant tissue cultur...