High Urinary Cotinine Levels and Low Academic Performance of Elementary School Students in Families with Careless Smoking Habits

Children are the most vulnerable age group to become passive smokers due cigarette smoke exposure, especially from family members. In addition, children who passively at high risk of experiencing declined cognitive performance. This study investigated effect exposure on urinary cotinine levels and its relationship with elementary school students’ academic The observational a cross-sectional design was located in Pannampu Village, Tallo District, Kota Makassar. Interviews, collecting performance data, measuring using colorimetric techniques were carried out students (n=77). found that 88.5% stated they had members smoked home inappropriate habits exposing smoke. Urinary showed an average 121.64 ng/mL. All above 200 ng/mL (16.4%) smoker boys higher (p=0.014) lower report card marks than girls. smoking still concern not protected as evidenced by levels, boys, which might affect their