Heterologous desensitization of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors by purinoceptor activation in renal mesangial cells

Glucocorticoids protect renal mesangial cells from apoptosis by increasing cellular sphingosine-1-phosphate.

Neutral ceramidase (NCDase) and sphingosine kinases (SphKs) are key enzymes regulating cellular sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) levels. In this study we found that stress factor-induced apoptosis of rat renal mesangial cells was significantly reduced by dexamethasone treatment. Concomitantly, dexamethasone increased cellular S1P levels, suggesting an activation of sphingolipid-metabolizing enzyme...

Activation-regulated expression and chemotactic function of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors in mouse splenic T cells.

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) from platelets and macrophages stimulates migration and enhances survival of T cells. Mouse spleen CD4 and CD8 T cells are shown to express predominantly S1P1 (Edg-1) and S1P4 (Edg-6) G-protein-coupled receptors with only minimal representation of S1P2, S1P3, and S1P5. At and below plasma concentrations of healthy mammals (1 nM-1 microM), S1P evokes trans-Matrigel ...

Sphingosine 1-phosphate in renal diseases.

Because of its highly bioactive properties sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an attractive target for the treatment of several diseases. Since the expression of sphingosine kinases as well as S1P receptors was demonstrated in the kidney, questions about the physiological and pathophysiological functions of S1P in this organ have been raised. In this review, we summarize the current state of know...

Sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in endothelial activation.

The signaling and functions of the Endothelial Differentiation Gene (EDG) family of G protein-coupled receptors have been extensively elucidated. All the members of EDG family were shown to be receptors for lysosphingolipids or lysophospholipids. EDG-1, the prototype of EDG family receptors, is a high affinity receptor for serum-borne bioactive lipid, Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P, secrete...

Sphingosine 1-phosphate Enhances Excitability of Sensory Neurons through Sphingosine 1-phosphate Receptors