Heterogeneous acid catalyst preparation from olive pomace and its use for olive pomace oil esterification
نویسندگان
چکیده
Solid acid catalyst was produced from olive pomace (OP), characterized and used for the esterification of OP oil. pyrolyzed, physical activated by steam sulfonated using sulfuric acid. Commercial, coconut husk-based, carbon (CHAC) also comparison. The activation has shown a significant increase in (OPAC) surface area developing simultaneously its micro meso-porosity. sulfonation further increased OPAC BET to reach 618.18 m2/g changed structure become microporous. Sulfonation removed tar residues aliphatic hydrocarbons OPAC’s surface. Tendencies observed with CHAC, comparison, are slightly different mesoporosity development. Although higher (1227.01 m2/g), CHAC fixed three times less sulfur than OPAC, which can be attributed hydrophobicity or pore distribution. Sulfur mainly form sulfonic (SO3H). Esterification methanol solid catalysts decreased OPO acidity below 2 mgKOH/g threshold after 5 h reaction reduced mono, di triglycerides levels close ones required European norm EN14214.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Renewable Energy
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['0960-1481', '1879-0682']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.11.031