Heat transfer from wall to dense packing structures of spheres, cylinders and Raschig rings

This paper investigates the validity of azimuthal averaging 3D temperature fields in analysis lateral heat transfer dense particle packings. is conducted by synthetic generation packing surrogates spheres, cylinders and Raschig rings with tube-to-pellet diameter ratio, 3 < N 6, using an in-house Rigid Body Dynamics algorithm, followed detailed discrete pellet CFD simulations from wall to bed for laminar, transient turbulent flow regimes. The results hydrodynamics are benchmarked against empirical correlations pressure drop interphase Nusselt number, Nu, offering best fits proposed Eisfeld Schnitzlein (for spheres) Nemec Levec rings) drop, Gunn Sun coworkers prediction Nu. demonstrate that fluctuations local completely neglected azimuthal-averaging over volume, leading more than 150 °C deviations data. Furthermore, it found between azimuthally-averaged axial velocity profile true velocities analogous fashion transmitted field. evidenced coincidence peaks deviation profiles data radius. due thermal disequilibrium fluid phases which partially omitted field basically pseudo-homogenous ker-hw models.