HBsAg-vectored vaccines simultaneously deliver CTL responses to protective epitopes from multiple viral pathogens

HBsAg-vectored DNA vaccines elicit concomitant protective responses to multiple CTL epitopes relevant in human disease

Viral Vaccines and CTL Response

Immune induction by successful vaccine formulations seems to involve stimulation of both humoral and cellular arms of immunity. Nevertheless, CD8+ CTLs are of critical relevance in the context of intracellular infection and tumor for many reasons. The task of exerting antipathogen activity by CD8+ T cells, which principally function to control and eradicate intracellular pathogens, is enabled b...

Using Modified Bacterial Toxins To Deliver Vaccine Antigens Researchers are using toxins to deliver epitopes in candidate vaccines that specifically stimulate protective cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses

T he intracellular niche of viruses and other microbes can protect them against many elements of the immune response. Once inside host cells, these organisms are hidden from effectors of humoral immunity, and therefore T cell responses are often necessary for recognition and clearance of the pathogen. Microbial proteins in the cytosol of host cells activate CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). On...

Reduced response to multiple vaccines sharing common protein epitopes that are administered simultaneously to infants.

The plethora of newly discovered vaccines implies that, in the future, many vaccines will have to be administered simultaneously to infants. We examined the potential interference with the immune response of several coadministered vaccines containing the same protein component, namely, tetanus toxoid (TT). Infants simultaneously receiving a tetravalent pneumococcal vaccine conjugated to TT (Pnc...

Viral Vectored Vaccines : A New Era of Vaccination

Efforts to make vaccines against infectious diseases have evolved to utilize viruses to deliver genes encoding antigens from different pathogens. Vectored vaccines are usually constructed from a carrier virus, which has been modified to carry a gene from a pathogen of interest. Thus when the recipient is given the vector, the exogenous gene will be expressed. These viruses are often engineered ...