Has Stratospheric HCl in the Northern Hemisphere Been Increasing Since 2005?

Recent Northern Hemisphere stratospheric HCl increase 1 due to atmospheric circulation changes

The Life Cycle of the Northern Hemisphere Sudden Stratospheric Warmings

Motivated by recent evidence of strong stratospheric–tropospheric coupling during the Northern Hemisphere winter, this study examines the evolution of the atmospheric flow and wave fluxes at levels throughout the stratosphere and troposphere during the composite life cycle of a sudden stratospheric warming. The composite comprises 39 major and minor warming events using 44 years of NCEP–NCAR re...

Stratospheric Connection to Northern Hemisphere Wintertime Weather: Implications for Prediction

The dynamical coupling between the stratospheric and tropospheric circulations yields a statistically significant level of potential predictability for extreme cold events throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) mid–high latitudes on both month-to-month and winter-to-winter timescales. Pronounced weakenings of the NH wintertime stratospheric polar vortex tend to be followed by episodes ...

Tropospheric Precursors of Anomalous Northern Hemisphere Stratospheric Polar Vortices

Regional extratropical tropospheric variability affects the wave driving of the Northern Hemisphere wintertime stratospheric polar vortex. Simple reasoning is used to understand the nature of the regional variability that reinforces extratropical planetary waves, and thus zonal wavenumber-1 and wavenumber-2 vertical EP flux leaving the troposphere. In the reanalysis record and in WACCM (Whole A...

The 2010 Guidelines on Neonatal Resuscitation (AHA, ERC, ILCOR): similarities and differences--what progress has been made since 2005?

In 2010, the American Heart Association (AHA), the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) and the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) issued new guidelines on newborn resuscitation. The new recommendations include: (1) pulse-oximetry for patient assessment during newborn resuscitation; (2) to start resuscitation of term infants with an FiO (2) of 0.21; (3) cardio-respiratory ...