HACCP as an International Trade Standard

An Analysis of International Outsourcing in Iran-China Trade Relations

Iran-China relations are deeply rooted in history and have been enhanced recently with bilateral cooperation in the areas of energy, arms sales, trade, political cooperation and cultural ties. The objective of this paper is to analyze the role of international outsourcing in form of trading intermediate products on bilateral trade relations between Iran and China. As an empirical work, we h...

International Trade as an “Integrated Equilibrium”: New Perspectives

The integrated equilibrium is a paradigm that has played a central role in the field of international trade. The concept originated with Paul A. Samuelson (1949), was further developed by Avinash K. Dixit and Victor F. Norman (1980), and placed at the heart of international analysis by Elhanan Helpman and Paul R. Krugman (1985). The central idea is that a world with imperfect mobility of produc...

Oil Currency and the Dollar Standard: A Simple Analytical Model of an International Trade Currency∗

It is widely accepted that the US dollar is the central reference currency for international trade pricing in final goods. At the same time, the dollar is the main invoicing currency for primary commodities. This paper links these two observations within a stylized theoretical framework, and shows how this may be used to obtain a quantitative estimate of the gain to the US economy from the use ...

The Economic Implications of Using HACCP as a Food Safety Regulatory Standard

Science is identifying new food-borne pathogens and understanding their potential for serious consequences. Meanwhile, demand for safer food is growing, as consumers become more affluent, live longer, and better understand the links between diet and health. Additionally, trade in food products is a larger source of supply in may countries as both technical and trade barriers to food trade are r...

Forthcoming in Food Policy. The Economic Implications of Using HACCP as a Food Safety Regulatory Standard