منابع مشابه
Gut-friendly B cells?
On page 1343, Shimomura et al. identify a group of B cells that rebels against convention: unlike other B cells, this group matures in the gut and might protect it from inflammatory damage. B cells are thought to mature in the bone marrow and spleen. As they mature, B cells express the immunoglobulin receptor IgM, which distinguishes them from their antigen-activated brethren. The activated cel...
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Mechanical damage caused by insect feeding along with components present in insect saliva and oral secretions are known to induce jasmonic acid-mediated defense responses in plants. This study investigated the effects of bacteria from oral secretions of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda on herbivore-induced defenses in tomato and maize plants. Using culture-dependent methods, we identifie...
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An excess of proteinase receptors in the brain aggravates demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS), suggest Noorbakhsh and colleagues on page 425. Mice lacking proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR 2), they show, are protected from the brain damage characteristic of experimental autoimmune encephalomy-elitis (EAE), a model of MS. PAR 2 , a G protein–coupled receptor activated by trypsin-like ser...
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There have been a number of reports recently that mother's breast milk may be a source of benefi cial bacteria that colonise her infant's gastrointestinal tract. 1 – 16 The human gut is the home of a large community of bacteria which plays a part in a range of activities which contribute to our health. Occupying the colon, where their collective number of cells exceeds that of their host by a f...
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is the most common type of dementia.AD includes 60_80% of dementia and most people with AD have more than 65 years old.AD causes losing neuronal activity by abnormal proteins. Plaques of beta-amyloid and tangles of “tau” protein can lead to AD. Recently evidence has found that AD may come from outside of central nerv...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature Reviews Immunology
سال: 2008
ISSN: 1474-1733,1474-1741
DOI: 10.1038/nri2367