Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone Stimulates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase

Activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

Previous studies have shown that interaction of GnRH with its serpentine, G protein-coupled receptor results in activation of the extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK) and the Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) pathways in pituitary gonadotropes. In the present study, we examined GnRH-stimulated activation of an additional member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) sup...

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-expressing neurons immortalized conditionally are activated by insulin: implication of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.

Energy balance exerts a critical influence on reproduction via changes in the circulating levels of hormones such as insulin. This modulation of the neuroendocrine reproductive axis ultimately involves variations in the activity of hypothalamic neurons expressing GnRH. Here we studied the effects of insulin in primary hypothalamic cell cultures as well as a GnRH neuronal cell line that we gener...

Growth hormone stimulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is cell type specific.

The GH receptor is a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily. Studies in the 3T3-F442A mouse preadipocyte have shown that GH activates the Janus kinase (JAK2), the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT1, -3, and -5), and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Our previous studies in the human IM-9 lymphocyte have shown that GH activates JAK2 and only STAT5 (not STAT1 or ...

TGF Stimulates Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein and Osteolytic Metastases via Smad and Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways

Corticotropin-releasing hormone induces vascular endothelial growth factor release from human mast cells via the cAMP/protein kinase A/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.

Mast cells are involved in allergic reactions but also in innate immunity and inflammation. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), the key regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, also has proinflammatory effects, apparently through mast cells. We showed recently that CRH selectively stimulates human leukemic mast cells and human umbilical cord blood-derived mast cells to release n...