Grounded circularity: the livelihoods of surplus clay

Undrained Behaviour of Clay Reinforced with Surplus Carpet Fibres

A collaborative research programme between University of Bolton and Bradford University is investigating the effect of surplus carpet fibres on the strength as well as other important geotechnical properties of cohesive soils. Initial work concentrates on the manner in which the fibres affect the quick undrained properties of the reinforced soil. Four different surplus carpet fibre types are be...

Beneficial Reuse of Construction Surplus Clay in CLSM

The disposal of on-site construction imperfect earth materials and the production of standard engineering aggregates for backfill have been facing increasingly environmental and ecological challenges in many densely populated metropolitan areas. This paper presents an experimental study using soft excavated surplus clay to produce a clay-based controlled low strength material (CLSM) as subgrade...

The Circularity of Evolutionary Reliabilism

The ‘ surplus of meaning ’ .

The late Chile born biologist Francisco J. Varela has been influential in theoretical biology throughout the last three decades of the 20. century. His thinking shows a marked development from a biologically founded constructivism (developed together with his fellow citizen, Humberto Maturana, with the main key word being “autopoiesis theory”) to a more phenomenological oriented standpoint, whi...

Circularity of Planar Graphs

A circular cover of a graph G is a cover {X0, · · · , Xn−1} of the topological space G by closed connected subsets, indexed over Zn, with the following properties: Each element in the cover contains a vertex of G, each vertex of G is contained in at most two elements of the cover, and Xa ∩ Xb 6= ∅ if and only if b − a ∈ {−1, 0, 1}. The circularity of G is the largest integer n for which there i...