Gradient waveform design for tensor-valued encoding in diffusion MRI

Diffusion encoding along multiple spatial directions per signal acquisition can be described in terms of a b-tensor. The benefit tensor-valued diffusion is that it unlocks the 'shape b-tensor' as new dimension. By modulating b-tensor shape, we control sensitivity to microscopic anisotropy which used contrast mechanism; feature inaccessible by conventional encoding. Since imaging methods based on are finding an increasing number applications prompted highlight challenge designing optimal gradient waveforms for any given application. In this review, first establish basic design objectives creating field MRI. We also survey additional considerations related limitations imposed hardware and physiology, potential confounding effects cannot captured b-tensor, artifacts waveform. Throughout, discuss expected compromises tradeoffs with aim more complete understanding waveform its impact accurate measurements interpretations data.