منابع مشابه
The Origin of Vertebrate Gills
Pharyngeal gills are a fundamental feature of the vertebrate body plan [1]. However, the evolutionary history of vertebrate gills has been the subject of a long-standing controversy [2-8]. It is thought that gills evolved independently in cyclostomes (jawless vertebrates-lampreys and hagfish) and gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates-cartilaginous and bony fishes), based on their distinct embryonic o...
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Background: Contamination of feeds with cadmium leads to oxidative stress in vital tissues such as gills and affects the fish survival. Therefore, an increase in the capacity of the antioxidant defense system and detoxification system of fish may reduce adverse effects of pollutants. This study investigated the protective effects of microalga Spirulina platensis against oxidative stress in gill...
متن کاملOptimal lamellar arrangement in fish gills.
Fish respire through gills, which have evolved to extract aqueous oxygen. Fish gills consist of filaments with well-ordered lamellar structures, which play a role in maximizing oxygen diffusion. It is interesting that when we anatomically observe the gills of various fish species, gill interlamellar distances (d) vary little among them, despite large variations in body mass (Mb). Noting that th...
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Concepts of continuous ventilation and perfusion have founded mathematical models of lung gas mixing and cardiopulmonary blood±gas exchange, whether for anaesthetic vapour uptake or for cardiorespiratory measurement, for several decades now. 28 37 42 The beauty of continuousventilation and perfusion models is that they allow mathematical expressions that are readily soluble, and they describe b...
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Diclofenac, the anti-inflammatory drug, is found in natural water bodies all over the world. Toxicological researches of diclofenac report harmful effects on aquatic species even at low concentrations. The aim of present study was to determine whether diclofenac affected on the gills, liver and kidney of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). In order to evaluate toxic effects of diclofenac as NASIDs (...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Psyche: A Journal of Entomology
سال: 1883
ISSN: 0033-2615,1687-7438
DOI: 10.1155/1883/83906