Gibbs Free-Energy-Based Objective Function for Electrolyte Activity Coefficient Models

Activity coefficient models for organic-electrolyte aerosols

Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures Back Close Abstract In this work, existing and modified activity coefficient models are examined in order to assess their capabilities to describe the properties of aqueous solution droplets relevant in the atmosphere. Five different water-organic-electrolyte activity coeffi...

Gibbs Free Energy Formula for Protein Folding

Proteins are life’s working horses and nature’s robots. They participate in every life process. They form supporting structures of cell, fibre, tissue, and organs; they are catalysts, speed up various life critical chemical reactions; they transfer signals so that we can see, hear, and smell; they protect us against intruders such as bacteria and virus; they regulate life cycles to keep that ev...

A Simplified Perturbation Model for Prediction of Mean Ionic Activity Coefficient in Aqueous Electrolyte Solution

Protein Folding: The Gibbs Free Energy

The fundamental law for protein folding is the Thermodynamic Principle: the amino acid sequence of a protein determines its native structure and the native structure has the minimum Gibbs free energy. If all chemical problems can be answered by quantum mechanics, there should be a quantum mechanics derivation of Gibbs free energy formula G(X) for every possible conformation X of the protein. We...

Application of several activity coefficient models to water-organic-electrolyte aerosols of atmospheric interest

In this work, existing and modified activity coefficient models are examined in order to assess their capabilities to describe the properties of aqueous solution droplets relevant in the atmosphere. Five different water-organicelectrolyte activity coefficient models were first selected from the literature. Only one of these models included organics and electrolytes which are common in atmospher...