منابع مشابه
Gender-specific inbreeding depression in a gynodioecious plant, Geranium maculatum (Geraniaceae).
In gynodioecious species, females coexist with hermaphrodites in natural populations even though hermaphrodites attract more pollinators, are capable of reproducing through pollen, and can self-fertilize. This study tests the hypothesis that inbreeding depression helps to maintain females in natural populations. It also examines whether gender lineages that differ in selfing rates might experie...
متن کاملFemale compensation through the quantity and quality of progeny in a gynodioecious plant, Geranium maculatum (Geraniaceae).
One of the major evolutionary trends in flowering plants is the evolution of unisexual flowers (male or female) from perfect flowers. This transition has occurred repeatedly in many taxa and has generated a wonderful array of variation in sexual expression among species. Theoretical studies have proposed a number of mechanisms to explain how this level of variation could be maintained in natura...
متن کاملGender Differences in Reproductive and Physiological Traits in a Gynodioecious Species, Geranium Maculatum (geraniaceae)
Plant species with separate genders often exhibit gender differences in traits related to reproductive allocation. In gynodioecious species, females often produce more seeds than do hermaphrodites, leading to a higher reproductive cost. The mechanisms that allow females to meet the high costs of reproduction are currently under debate. In this study, we test the hypothesis that there are geneti...
متن کاملFrequency-dependent pollinator discrimination acts against female plants in the gynodioecious Geranium maculatum.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gynodioecy, the co-occurrence of female and hermaphroditic individuals, is thought to be an intermediate step between hermaphroditism and separate sexes, a major transition in flowering plants. Because retaining females in a population requires that they have increased seed fitness (to compensate for the lack of pollen fitness), factors that affect seed fitness are of great ...
متن کاملEffects of environmental heterogeneity on the distribution of sexes within and among populations in a gynodioecious species, Geranium maculatum.
Populations containing both females and hermaphrodites (dimorphic) are generally found in drier sites than those with only hermaphrodites (monomorphic). The sex-differential plasticity hypothesis (SDP) suggests that this is caused by hermaphrodites reducing allocation to seeds in harsh environments, allowing female establishment. We proposed that a similar process could explain sex distribution...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of the American Medical Association
سال: 1887
ISSN: 0002-9955
DOI: 10.1001/jama.1887.02400170011002a