Geodynamic evolution of a wide plate boundary in the Western Mediterranean, near-field<i>versus</i>far-field interactions

The present-day tectonic setting of the Western Mediterranean region, from Pyrénées to Betics and Alps Atlas, results a complex 3-D geodynamic evolution involving interactions between Africa, Eurasia Iberia plates asthenospheric mantle dynamics underneath. In this paper, we review main events recorded in region since Early Cretaceous discuss respective effects far-field near-field contributions, order unravel origin forces controlling crustal deformation. contributions mantle-scale, plate-scale local processes succession stages are discussed. Three periods can be distinguished: (1) first period ( Tethyan Tectonics ), 110 35 Ma, spans Pyrenean orogen early Betics, rifting maximum shortening. Europe subsequent progressive formation new compressional plate boundaries as well compression all way North Sea, placed large-scale framework African Eurasian carried by convection; (2) second 32 8 corresponds first-order change subduction dynamics. It is most typically with dominant contribution slab retreat associated flow Mountain building back-arc basin opening controlled retreating tearing slabs at depth. different pieces crust accommodates underneath various ways, including metamorphic core complexes transfer fault zones; (3) third Late-Mediterranean ) runs Ma Present. drastic regime characterized resumption N-S along southern boundary propagation toward north. stress transmission through lithospheric stress-guide lithosphere-asthenosphere discussed throughout period.