Genetics, Physiological Mechanism and Breeding for Tolerance against Submergence, Salinity, and Saline-Submergence Stress in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Rice is a staple food and one of the most crucial crops globally, providing sustenance for more than half world's population. Climate change has impact on agricultural sector, particularly rice cultivation, due to increase in abiotic stress incidences. Salinity severe stresses production globally. Salt significantly reduces growth performance, affecting various metabolic physiological processes rice. Submergence another type yield. Recently, newly emerged called saline submergence may also jeopardize production. Seawater intrusion into fields located nearby coastal areas cause flash floods, especially during monsoon season. cultivated prone saline-submergence stress, leading lower Although Sub1 Saltol QTLs are widely used developing cultivars with salinity tolerance, there lack studies conducted explore potential performance breeding lines under stress. It been hypothesized that introgression elite might result potentially tolerant Further projects, however, need be prove this postulation. The present mini-review deals genetics, mechanisms, achievements salinity-tolerant while at same time highlighting as an emerging cultivation.