Genetic diversity and relationship of mango and its wild relatives (Mangifera spp.) based on morphological and molecular markers

ABSTRACT Mango and its wild relatives (Mangifera spp.) are essential for future mango breeding, including preservation programs, because they provide many beneficial genes (agronomic traits), particularly those related to resistance biotic abiotic stressors. However, there is a limited understanding of the genetic diversity relationships this germplasm. This study aimed determine relationship between endemic from Borneo Island, Indonesia, using leaf morphology internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Fifteen samples Mangifera, covering 12 species, were used. Morphologically, Mangifera had low only 0.22. Based on ITS sequence, high level (0.069). In addition, sequence total variable number 215 bp, which 110 bp singleton sites, 89 informative parsimony 41 indels. Phylogenetic analysis showed that was grouped into three clusters morphological traits four clades case, furthest pointed out by ‘Hampalam’ (M. laurina) ‘Tambusui’ macrocarpa), as well ‘Rawa-Rawa’ similis) ‘Samputar’ torquenda). contrast, closest shown ‘Hambawang Damar’ foetida) Puntara’ foetida), torquenda) ‘Pauh’ quadrifida). particular, common indica) closely ‘Asam Buluh’ distantly quadrifida) similis).