Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Hollyhock (Alcea rosea Cavan) Using High-Throughput Sequencing

Hollyhock (Alcea rosea (Linn). Cavan) is an herbaceous flowering plant with significant applications in urban greening, soil remediation, and traditional medicine. However, its genetic diversity molecular characteristics at the population level have not been explored yet. Here, phenotypic of 162 hollyhock accessions from China revealed extensive variation among 11 traits strong correlations between several quantitative traits. Whole-genome re-sequencing 32 randomly chosen identified 10,468,760 core single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed evenly across genome, except for on chromosome 21, average nucleotide (π) was calculated to be 0.00397. Principal component analysis showed that these could divided into four subpopulations, which agreement structure analysis, subpopulations were strongly correlated geographic location. A neighbor-joining dendrogram displayed similar clusters, HuB25 HLJ28, formed two separate clusters. Our findings illuminate provide valuable information breeding.