Genetic distance and phylogenetic relationships of some Echinostoma species (E. malayanum, E. revolutum, E. miyagawai) and Hypoderaeum conoideum (family Echinostomatidae) inferred from partial 28S rDNA sequence analysis

Echinostomiasis is a neglected disease caused by the intestinal flukes (family Echinostomatidae, suborder Echinostomata) and common in communities Asian countries, such as India, Indonesia, Philippines, China, Malaysia, Singapore, Korea, Japan, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia Vietnam. The genetic markers from nuclear ribosomal transcription units are commonly used studies phylogenetic analyses. A portion of 28S rDNA sequence (domains D1–D3, 1062–1067 bp for final use) was obtained zoonotic Echinostoma malayanum (strain E/Amala-EMI3-TH), E. revolutum Erevo-MSD15-TH), miyagawai (Emiya-RED11-TH), Hypoderaeum conoideum (Hcono-RED42-TH) species; to perform an alignment distance estimation analysis. performed using 62 strains 42 species 19 genera family including Echinoparyphium, Echinostoma, Artyfechinostomum, Patagifer, Neoacanthoparyphium, Hypoderaeum, Drepanocephalus, Euparyphium, Chaunocephalus, Neopetasiger, Ribeiroia, Cathaemasia, Rhopalias, Isthmiophora, Petasiger, Moliniella, Pegosomum, Schistosoma Schistosomatidae). among 16 strains/10 has shown low intra-specific divergence level between within same species, (0–0.10%), (0.10–0.50%), H. while genus it higher (normally over 1.0%) strains/species highest (3.06–4.12%). analysis relationship well supported Echinostoma/ Artyfechinostomum intergeneric taxonomy topology indicated clear, well-supported positions member different Echinostomatidae Echinostomata. More sensu lato samples genera, required sequencing, particularly those five genera: Isthmiophora. resultant mitochondrial data these will be good source use clearly assess taxonomic generic relationships.