Genetic adaptation to urban living: molecular DNA analyses of wild boar populations in Budapest and surrounding area

Abstract Studies of wild boar, Sus scrofa Linnaeus 1758, in urban and suburban areas Budapest, Hungary, have indicated that these populations do not continuous contact. Based on the assumption city has a discrete population, we hypothesized boar would differ genetically from those areas. Analysis single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data using GeneSeek Genomic Profiler (GGP) Porcine 50 K system (Neogen, Scotland, UK) differentiated three populations: Buda (B) Western bank Danube; Surrounding (BS); Valkó (V) Eastern Danube. The coefficient genetic differentiation ( F ST ) for B BS was low. inbreeding coefficients V were close to zero, while population had high positive value reflecting influence founders population. genome regions most between analyzed based values SNP markers mixed linear multi-locus model BayeScan software. marker, WU_10.2_18_56278226, found chromosome 18. surrounding region contained several candidate genes could play important roles adaptations related human-induced stress. Two these, encoding adenylate cyclase 1 ADCY1 inhibin beta A chain precursor INHBA genes, sequenced. While IHBA gene did display variation, allele distribution significantly different supporting parapatric boar.