Generic go to go: dictionary-passing, monomorphisation, and hybrid

Go is a popular statically-typed industrial programming language. To aid the type safe reuse of code, recent release (Go 1.18) published early 2022 includes bounded parametric polymorphism via generic types. 1.18 implements types using combination monomorphisation and call-graph based dictionary-passing called hybrid. This hybrid approach can be viewed as an optimised form that statically generates specialised methods on possible instantiations. A monolithic dictionary supplements information lost during monomorphisation, structured according to program’s call graph. Unfortunately, still suffers from code bloat, poor compilation speed, limited coverage. In this paper we propose formalise new non-specialising call-site translation. Our translation creates individual dictionaries for each parameter, with construction occurring in place instantiation, overcoming limitations We prove it correct novel general bisimulation up technique. better understand how different generics approaches work practice, benchmark five translators, 1.18, two existing our translator, erasure translator. findings reveal several suggestions improvements 1.18— specifically overcome expressiveness improve compile time compiled size performance 1.18.