Generating antibody diversity

Reshaping Antibody Diversity

Some species mount a robust antibody response despite having limited genome-encoded combinatorial diversity potential. Cows are unusual in having exceptionally long CDR H3 loops and few V regions, but the mechanism for creating diversity is not understood. Deep sequencing reveals that ultralong CDR H3s contain a remarkable complexity of cysteines, suggesting that disulfide-bonded minidomains ma...

Antibody wars: extreme diversity.

Speciation Dynamics: Generating Selective Pressure Towards Diversity

Recent approaches in evolutionary robotics (ER) propose to generate behavioral diversity in order to evolve desired behaviors more easily. These approaches require the definition of a behavioral distance which often includes task-specific features and hence a priori knowledge. Alternative methods, that do not explicitly force selective pressure towards diversity (SPTD) but still generate it, ar...

Metabolic model for diversity-generating biosynthesis.

A conventional metabolic pathway leads to a specific product. In stark contrast, there are diversity-generating metabolic pathways that naturally produce different chemicals, sometimes of great diversity. We demonstrate that for one such pathway, tru, each ensuing metabolic step is slower, in parallel with the increasing potential chemical divergence generated as the pathway proceeds. Intermedi...

Antibody binding loop insertions as diversity elements

In the use of non-antibody proteins as affinity reagents, diversity has generally been derived from oligonucleotide-encoded random amino acids. Although specific binders of high-affinity have been selected from such libraries, random oligonucleotides often encode stop codons and amino acid combinations that affect protein folding. Recently it has been shown that specific antibody binding loops ...