Gene Expression Space Shapes the Bioprocess Trade-Offs among Titer, Yield and Productivity

Optimal gene expression is central for the development of both bacterial systems heterologous protein production, and microbial cell factories industrial metabolite production. Our goal to fulfill industry-level overproduction demands optimally, as measured by following key performance metrics: titer, productivity rate, yield (TRY). Here we use a multiscale model incorporating dynamics (i) population in bioreactor, (ii) substrate uptake (iii) interaction between host interest. predicts growth rate mass distribution enzymes interest function main lab-accessible expression-related characteristics: promoter strength, copy number ribosome binding site strength. We evaluated differential roles transcription translation shaping TRY trade-offs wide range levels sensitivity space variations availability. results show that, at low levels, mainly defined TRY, had limited effect; whereas, high depended on product both, agreement with experiments literature.