GEE for Multinomial Responses Using a Local Odds Ratios Parameterization

GEE for multinomial responses using a local odds ratios parameterization.

In this article, we propose a generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach for correlated ordinal or nominal multinomial responses using a local odds ratios parameterization. Our motivation lies upon observing that: (i) modeling the dependence between correlated multinomial responses via the local odds ratios is meaningful both for ordinal and nominal response scales and (ii) ordinary GEE me...

Measuring additive interaction using odds ratios

Interaction measured on the additive scale has been argued to be better correlated with biologic interaction than when measured on the multiplicative scale. Measures of interaction on the additive scale have been developed using risk ratios. However, in studies that use odds ratios as the sole measure of effect, the calculation of these measures of additive interaction is usually performed by d...

Making sense of odds and odds ratios.

Odds and odds ratios are hard for many clinicians to understand. Odds are the probability of an event occurring divided by the probability of the event not occurring. An odds ratio is the odds of the event in one group, for example, those exposed to a drug, divided by the odds in another group not exposed. Odds ratios always exaggerate the true relative risk to some degree. When the probability...

Mischievous Odds Ratios

Estimation of cumulative odds ratios.

PURPOSE Standard estimation of ordered odds ratios requires the constraint that the etiologic effects of exposure are homogenous across thresholds of the ordered response. We present a method to relax this often-unrealistic constraint. METHODS The kernel of the proposed method is the expansion of observed data into "person-thresholds." Using standard statistical software, for each subject we ...