Fruit Color Preference of Frugivorous Birds in an Agroecosystem in Southcentral Mindanao, Philippines

The removal of fruit is a consequence plant–animal interactions, and vital step in the natural regeneration cycle plant populations. This research aimed to determine effect color local landscape on plant–bird interactions an agroecosystem Southcentral Mindanao, Philippines. We set out 1500 artificial models ten sampling locations within agroecosystem. measured difference proportion predated/removed (%) risk between sites, color, predators. Approximately quarter (24.53%) deployed were predated, predation was significantly higher red (mean = 18.74 ± 9.84) compared green 11.67 6.17). Birds most dominant predators mammals arthropods, contributed at least 60% fruits. Our findings are consistent with previous evidence showing birds’ preferences for darker colors. Although variables did not affect predation, tree cover may help increase these interactions. Overall, our study showed that agroecosystems can still support species frugivorous birds, as indicated by high rates, particularly birds permeate different layers demonstrate important implication habitat quality management agroecosystems. Enriching pioneer trees dark-colored fleshy fruits sustainable greening strategy would benefit frugivores producers this system.