French military interventions in MENAP countries during the 2010s

The article is about six French Special Military Operations (SMOs) that were conducted in Islamic countries the MENA region between 2011 and 2022. It provides an explanation of their historical, geopolitical, military contexts while also assessing compliance with international law. text introduces two innovative concepts, Holland doctrine Macron doctrine, analyses both successes failures. Ultimately, concludes by addressing question why these SMOs achieved success but failed to meet political objectives, resulting a significant disillusionment among elites, as well participating soldiers.