Fouling limitations of osmotic pressure?driven processes and its remedial strategies: A review

The scarcity of freshwater is one the major challenges to civilized community around World. So, various engineered processes have been developed for remediation this problem such as osmotic pressure-driven (OPDPs). OPDPs includes forward osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis, which gained enormous attention becoming a flexible membrane-based technology desalination wastewater treatment. most significant components be efficient are membranes draw solution. Although numerous studies highlighted membrane fouling concentration polarization critical parameters assess system efficiency in other driven processes. This study delivers an up-to-date review terms polarization, (organic, inorganic, biofouling), foulant interactions, remedial strategies, monitoring characterization techniques, future directions research. Numerous interactions also elaborated field separation technique. State art antifouling fabrication methods critically reviewed along with different strategies fouled OPDPs.