Formalizing artisanal and small-scale gold mining: A grand challenge of the Minamata Convention
نویسندگان
چکیده
Summary Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is the world's largest source of anthropogenic mercury emissions releases. These have devastating consequences for miners' health environment. Most >20 million ASGM miners worldwide are not officially recognized, registered, regulated, or protected by state laws. Formalization—the process organizing, registering, reforming ASGM—is mandated Minamata Convention on Mercury. Previous attempts to reduce from largely failed. Our perspective argues that signatories will only succeed in reducing releases with comprehensive bottom-up formalization approaches centered around working miners, significant external funding consumers, large corporations, governments. The approximate global 5-year cost this approach could be US$355 (upper lower estimate bounds: US$213–742 million) if scaled per country, US$808 (US$248 million–US$2.17 billion) miner.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: One earth
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2590-3322', '2590-3330']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2022.02.005