Formaldehyde Free Renewable Thermosetting Foam Based on Biomass Tannin with a Lignin Additive

This study presents easily prepared free formaldehyde bio-based foam based on a thermosetting resin comprising tannin–lignin–furfuryl alcohol-glyoxal (TLFG) via mechanical stirring in presence of ether as foaming agent. The was developed through co-polycondensation reaction glyoxal and furfuryl alcohol with condensed tannin lignin, which is forest-derived product. Investigation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed more closed-cell structure without cracks collapse the TLFG foam, higher apparent density respect to tannin–furanic–formaldehyde (TFF) foam. Differential calorimetry (DSC), dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DTMA), thermogravimetric (TGA) investigations revealed that curing process proceeds even at lower temperature. Additionally, it acquired heat resistance than TFF Moreover, has robust chemical network structure, contributes efficiently strength pulverization degree compared TFF-derived Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) electrospray ionization mass (ESI-MS) proved cross-inking reactions between tannin, alcohol, have been proceeded efficiently.