Foreword: Consistency, Contradiction, and Consequence

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Contradiction Detection with Contradiction-Specific Word Embedding

Contradiction detection is a task to recognize contradiction relations between a pair of sentences. Despite the effectiveness of traditional context-based word embedding learning algorithms in many natural language processing tasks, such algorithms are not powerful enough for contradiction detection. Contrasting words such as “overfull” and “empty” are mostly mapped into close vectors in such e...

Conjunction and Contradiction

The Law of Non-Contradiction (hereafter: LNC) says that no contradiction can be true. But what is a contradiction? And what does it take for a contradiction to be true? As Patrick Grim [5] has pointed out, a quick look at the literature will reveal a large menagerie of different interpretations of the basic terms and, consequently, of LNC. Grim actually identifies as many as 240 different optio...

Self-Contradiction and Contradiction between Two Atanassov's Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets

The paper focuses on the study of the contradiction between two Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy sets. First, taking into account some characterizations obtained in previous papers, some functions are defined in order to measure the degrees of contradiction. Besides the principal properties of these measures are pointed out. Finally, some results relating self-contradiction and contradiction be...

Contradiction and Dialectic

The philosophy of dialectic has always been among the most controversial and least well understood aspects of Hegelian and Marxist thought. It is rejected by many writers who are otherwise sympathetic to Marxism. One such is Marquit. In a recent article (Marquit, 1990), he criticizes the dialectical concept of contradiction. Many of his arguments will be familiar to anyone acquainted with the r...