Fluxionality of Subnano Clusters Reshapes the Activity Volcano of Electrocatalysis

The Sabatier activity volcano provides intuitive guide for catalyst design, but also imposes fundamental limitations on the composition and maximal of catalysts. We show that ORR is shifted reshaped by potential-dependent fluxionality subnano cluster Fluxionality causes typically under-binding Ag/Au to gain optimal in form, surpass Pt/Pd. Furthermore, isomerization clusters as a function potential breaks linear scaling relationships, enabling surpassing “apex” relative bulk. effect likely general fluxional