Fluorescent Protein-Based Metal Biosensors

Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are optical probes that used to track the functions of genetically encoded target molecules in molecular and cellular biology. FPs have intrinsic photophysical properties generated by chromophore its surrounding amino acid sequences. The intensity fluorescence emission can be changed using external factors such as pH or metal ions. Additionally, reduced quenched specific transition ions, suggesting they attractive for measuring ion levels. A spectroscopical analysis metal-induced quenching several revealed exhibited behavior with quenchable metal-binding site FP has been determined chemical modification, crystal structure, modeling, providing insights into mechanism engineering. In this review, studies on change activity mediated ions comprehensively compared reviewed, requirements development fluorescent protein-based biosensors future discussed.