Flood Predictability of One-Way and Two-Way WRF Nesting Coupled Hydrometeorological Flow Simulations in a Transboundary Chenab River Basin, Pakistan

Remote sensing precipitation or from numerical weather prediction (NWP) is considered to be the best substitute for in situ ground observations flood simulations transboundary, data-scarce catchments. This research was aimed evaluate possibility of using a combination satellite product and NWP better forecasting transboundary Chenab River Basin (CRB) Pakistan. The gauge-calibrated product, i.e., Global Satellite Mapping Precipitation (GSMaP_Gauge), selected calibrate Integrated Flood Analysis System (IFAS) model 2016 event at Marala Barrage gauging site Forecast (GFS) NWP, with nine different lead times up 4 days, used calibrated IFAS predict hydrograph River. hydrologic simulations, global GFS forecasts, were unable peak all times. Then, Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) downscale forecasts one-way two-way nesting approaches. In WRF model, CRB centered two domains 25 km 5 resolutions. downscaled subsequently supplied predicted compared obtain optimal simulation It found this study that simulated hydrographs, times, exhibited superior performance highest R2 Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) lowest percent bias (PBIAS) nesting. Moreover, it concluded forecast can provide high-quality simulate hydrographs remarkable time 96 h when applying coupled hydrometeorological flow simulation.