First order and second order indirectness in Korean and Chinese

In this study, we investigate two types of indirectness in East Asian context, namely, native Korean and Chinese speakers' understanding (i.e. first order indirectness) their linguistic performance second indirectness). comparison to western counterparts, communities have often been labeled as being indirect, while little attention has paid the variations indirectness. Our study explores topic by analyzing three different sets data, including contextual awareness, performance, metapragmatic comments. The findings reveal a great deal within-group variability both speakers’ choice directness indirectness, well considerable number cross-cultural differences. participants demonstrate assessments reversed patterns use variation communication styles differences can only be explained taking into consideration visible role relationships an immediate context invisible interpersonal interests defined each culture. aspects mesh together form intricate relational web, which speakers are highly sensitive.