Fine line printed silicon solar cells exceeding 20% efficiency

Upgraded metallurgical-grade silicon solar cells with efficiency above 20%

High efficiency screen-printed solar cells on textured mono-crystalline silicon

In this paper we report on high efficiency screen-printed 4 cm solar cells fabricated on randomly textured float zone, magnetic Czochralski (MCz) and Ga-doped Cz silicon. A simple process involving POCl3 emitters, low frequency PECVD silicon nitride deposition, Al back contact print, Ag front grid print followed by co-firing of the contacts produced efficiencies of 19.0% on textured float zone,...

High efficiency screen printed bifacial solar cells on monocrystalline CZ silicon

We present industrialized bifacial solar cells on large area (149 cm) 2 cm CZ monocrystalline silicon wafers processed with industrially relevant techniques such as liquid source BBr3 and POCl3 open-tube furnace diffusions, plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) SiNx deposition, and screen printed contacts. The fundamental analysis of the paste using at boron-diffused surface and the...

Efficiency improvement of crystalline silicon solar cells

To increase the efficiency and reduce the production cost of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells, efforts in the photovoltaic industry are currently put on the process optimization of the cell. Sodium hydroxide/Potassium hydroxide (NaOH/KOH) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) are widely used in the standard alkaline texturization of mono crystalline silicon (mc-Si) wafers for enhancing the optical ...

A Silicon–Singlet Fission Tandem Solar Cell Exceeding 100% External Quantum Efficiency with High Spectral Stability

After 60 years of research, silicon solar cell efficiency saturated close to the theoretical limit, and radically new approaches are needed to further improve the efficiency. The use of tandem systems raises this theoretical power conversion efficiency limit from 34% to 45%. We present the advantageous spectral stability of using voltage-matched tandem solar cells with respect to their traditio...