Field measurements of supermarket refrigeration systems. Part I: Analysis of CO2 trans-critical refrigeration systems

Energy Analysis of Various Supermarket Refrigeration Systems

Modeling and analysis work was done on various supermarket refrigeration systems for their energy efficiency, TEWI (Total Equivalent Warming Impact), and annual operating cost. The systems which were modeled in detail include parallel racks, distributed, self-contained, glycol secondary loop, and CO2 secondary loop (medium temperature) and cascade (low temperature). Based on R404A modeling resu...

European Supermarket Refrigeration Systems Eco-Efficiency Considerations

Fluorinated hydrocarbon refrigerants have especially in Europe been drawn into the focus of the public debate concerning the background of reducing greenhouse active substances. This debate concentrates mainly on the GWP (Global Warming Potentials) properties of the substances. To step forward from a material based discussion to a useful dialogue about substances in their respective application...

Waste Heat Recapture from Supermarket Refrigeration Systems

Performance Evaluation and Optimal Design of Supermarket Refrigeration Systems with Supermarket Model “SuperSim”, Part I: Model Description and Validation

Conventional supermarket refrigeration systems are responsible for considerable CO2 emissions due to high energy consumption and large quantities of refrigerant leakage. In the effort to conserve energy and reduce environmental impacts, an efficient design tool for the analysis, evaluation and comparison of the performance of alternative system designs and controls is required. This paper provi...

Modeling Supermarket Refrigeration Systems for Demand-Side Management

Modeling of supermarket refrigeration systems for supervisory control in the smart grid is presented in this paper. A modular modeling approach is proposed in which each module is modeled and identified separately. The focus of the work is on estimating the power consumption of the system while estimating the cold reservoir temperatures as well. The models developed for each module as well as f...