منابع مشابه
Fallacies as Cognitive Virtues
In its recent attention to reasoning that is agent-based and target-driven, logic has re-taken the practical turn and recovered something of its historic mission. In so doing, it has taken on in a quite general way a game-theoretic character, precisely as it was with the theory of syllogistic refutation in the Topics and On Sophistical Refutations, where Aristotle develops winning strategies fo...
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From certain sorts of premise, individuals reliably infer invalid conclusions. Two experiments investigated a possible cause for these illusory inference: Reasoners fail to think about what is false. In Experiment 1, 24 undergraduates drew illusory and control inferences from premises based on exclusive disjunctions (‘‘or else’’). In one block, participants were instructed to falsify the premis...
متن کاملTypicality and reasoning fallacies.
The work of Tversky and Kahneman on intuitive probability judgment leads to the following prediction: The judged probability that an instance belongs to a category is an increasing function of the typicality of the instance in the category. To test this prediction, subjects in Experiment 1 read a description of a person (e.g., "Linda is 31, bright, ... outspoken") followed by a category. Some s...
متن کاملCulture and gambling fallacies
Euro-Canadians and Chinese typically hold different theories about change; Euro-Canadians often engage in linear thinking whereas Chinese often engage in non-linear thinking. The present research investigated the effects of culture-specific theories of change in two related gambling fallacies: the gambler's fallacy (GF; the belief that one is due for a win after a run of losses) and the hot-han...
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Many epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between a high intake of fruits and vegetables and a low risk of diseases, particularly epithelial cancers (Hennekens, 1986). Initially these foods were considered only as a source of retinol, that is vitamin A, since vitamin A-deficient diets have been linked with cancer for almost 60 years (for review, see Moon, 1989). Furthermore,...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: A Peer-Reviewed Journal About
سال: 2019
ISSN: 2245-7755
DOI: 10.7146/aprja.v8i1.115409