Fate of P from organic and inorganic fertilizers assessed by complementary approaches

Abstract Long-term field experiments (LTFEs) can provide an extensive overview on the effectiveness of phosphorus (P) management. In order to have a detailed insight into availability and distribution P in soil as affected by organic inorganic fertilizers (no P, triple-superphosphate (TSP), compost + TSP), samples collected at LTFE established 1998 Northern Germany different sampling dates depths were subjected characterization including double-lactate method (P-dl) standard test, degree sorption (DPS), sequential fractionation isotopic exchange kinetics. While type fertilizer had rarely effect pools, higher amounts applied resulted increased values P-dl, labile fractions that was isotopically exchangeable within 1 min ( p < 0.05). The DPS varied from average 40.2% P) 47.2% (compost TSP) with small variations during experimental time. contrast, significant shifts less available readily pools measured between autumn 2017 spring 2019. differences budgets treatments corresponded total stocks 0–90 cm, yet estimated upward or downward movement consequences long-term deficit surplus P. use complementary methods this study contributed better understanding potential long term perspective.