منابع مشابه
Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.
At the beginning of 2003, the Journal of Health Economics published a paper of great importance in public policy by DiMasi, Hansen, and Grabowski (referred to hereafter as “DHG 2003”). The paper is based primarily on confidential, proprietary data supplied by pharmaceutical companies to the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, a research center that receives significant unrestricted ...
متن کاملExtraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence
We thank Light and Warburton (2005) [hereafter LW] for providing a context for us to further discuss and clarify our studies on the cost of new drug development (DiMasi et al., 2003 [hereafter DHG]; DiMasi et al., 1991b [hereafter DHGL]; Hansen, 1979). We disagree, however, with their analyses, comparators, and conclusions. Although LW suggest, through the invocation of selected reported cost f...
متن کاملReply: Extraordinary Claims Without Extraordinary Evidence
This interchange is the latest in an ongoing debate beginning with Newman et al.'s [1999a] recommendation, based on analysis of GPS and earthquake data, that Frankel et al.'s [1996] estimate of California-level seismic hazard for the NMSZ should be reduced. Most points at issue, except for those related to the costs and benefits of the proposed new IBC2000 building code, have already been argue...
متن کاملToxic tides.
4-Hydroxyanisole (4-OHA) was administered to C57Bl/lOJ mice in which B16 melanoma or Lewis lung carcinoma had been implanted s.c. or i.m. The drug had the largest antitumour effect against B16 melanoma growing s.c. and a smaller antitumour effect against B16 melanoma or Lewis lung carcinoma growing i.m. In the treatment regimens where drug was administered only after tumour implantation, a sign...
متن کاملTides in Rotating Fluids
We _consider t~e _tidal disturbance_ fo~c~d ~n a differentially rotating fluid by a rigidly rotating external potential. The flmd ~s assumed to be mviscid, msl:llated, and self-gravitating, and to have laminar unperturbed and pe~tu~bed velocity fields. The external potential may exert a steady torque on the fluid which is of second order m Its str~ngth. ~owever, to this. order, we prove that th...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1875
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/013069a0